How the treatment is performed
Adequate space and music are the only types of “equipment” needed for dance therapy. The music should be appropriate to the population, both in its pace and aesthetic appeal. Faster music can be used to stimulate the group, slower music to provide a calming effect.
Enough space should be provided to accommodate free movement of the participants. Chairs should be arranged around the periphery of the dance area for those who need to remain seated, or those who become tired during the session.
Prior to starting a dance session, the participants should be assessed for risk factors. The presence of one or more risk factors doesn’t preclude group members from participating but may influence the type of dance and the length of the session. Risk factors include poor cardiovascular status and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or degenerative musculoskeletal problems. Muscle atrophy or obesity and the participant’s exercise history should also be considered, along with their use of tobacco or alcohol.
After the dance therapist chooses appropriate music and dance, the room is arranged and the participants are introduced. The purpose of the session is explained and everyone is encouraged to participate according to ability. The practitioner should circulate through the group during the dance, providing encouragement and motivation to those who are hesitant. All participants’ efforts should be praised.
After the session, the type of activity and the group’s response should be documented. The participants should be encouraged to discuss the feelings they experienced while dancing.
Hazards
Because dancing is an aerobic activity, patients may experience signs of cardiovascular compromise, such as dizziness, flushing, profuse sweating, and disorientation. Rapid motion may cause dizziness. Group members who exercise strenuously may experience muscle soreness or strain.
Clinical considerations
- If your patient experiences signs of cardiovascular compromise, help him to a seated position and obtain his vital signs. Compare the readings to the patient’s baseline, and notify the doctor of any changes.
- If your patient experiences muscle soreness, immobilize the affected body part, notify the doctor, and apply cold or heat therapy as ordered.
Research summary
Multiple case studies evaluating the efficacy of dance therapy have reported positive psychological outcomes in a wide range of phenomena including decreased anxiety, changes in self-concept or body image, decreases in depression, improved social interaction, and improved cognitive processes.