ChlorideThis test is used to measure serum levels of chloride, the major extra cellular fluid anion. Chloride helps maintain osmotic pressure of blood and, therefore, helps regulate blood volume and arterial pressure. Chloride levels also affect acid-base balance. This mineral is absorbed from the intestines and excreted primarily by the kidneys. Purpose
Patient preparation
Procedure and posttest care
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Reference values
Abnormal findingsChloride levels are inversely related to bicarbonate levels, reflecting acid-base balance. Excessive loss of gastric juices or other secretions containing chloride may cause hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis; excessive choride retention or ingestion may lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Elevated serum choride levels (hyperchloremia) may result from severe dehydration, complete renal shutdown, head injury (producing neurogenic hyperventilation), and primary aldosteronism. Low chloride levels (hypochloremia) are usually associated with low sodium and potassium levels. Possible underlying causes include prolonged vomiting, gastric suctioning, intestinal fistula, chronic renal failure, and Addison's disease. Heart failure or edema resulting in excess extracellular fluid can cause dilutional hypochloremia. Interfering factors
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