Home :: Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is the medical term for a low blood platelet count. The most common cause of hemorrhagic disorders, thrombocytopenia is characterized by deficiency of circulating platelets. Because platelets playa vital role in coagulation, this disease poses a serious threat to hemostasis.

The prognosis is excellent in drug­induced thrombocytopenia if the offending drug is withdrawn; in such cases, recovery may be immediate. Otherwise, the prognosis depends on response to treatment of the underlying cause.

Causes

Thrombocytopenia may be caused by infections in the fetus or newborn such as rubella, syphilis, and bacterial or viral infections. It can also develop when a mother's immune system produces antibodies against the baby's platelets. Some medications taken by the mother or given to the baby can cause thrombocytopenia.

Signs and symptoms

Thrombocytopenia typically produces a sudden onset of petechiae or ecchymoses in the skin or bleeding into any mucous membrane. Nearly all patients are otherwise asymptomatic, although some may complain of malaise, fatigue, and general weakness.

In adults, large blood-filled bullae characteristically appear in the mouth. In severe thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage may lead to tachycardia, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, and death.  

Diagnosis

• CBC shows low platelets
• Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy may be normal or may show low megakaryocytes (platelet precursors) or an infiltrating disease.
• PTT clotting study is normal
• PT clotting study is normal
• Platelet associated antibodies may be present

Treatment

Prevention

There is no known way to prevent thrombocytopenia.